Step-by-step instructions guide readers through service functions. Different types of service French, American, English, Russia, Family-style, and Banquet are explained in detail, along with universally important safety, sanitation, and emergency procedures.
Turning the Tables: Restaurants and the Rise of the American Middle Class, Andrew Haley examines the transformation of American public dining at the start of the twentieth century and argues that the birth of the modern American restaurant helped establish the middle class as the arbiter of American culture.
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Step-by-step instructions guide readers through service functions. Different types of service French, American, English, Russia, Family-style, and Banquet are explained in detail, along with universally important safety, sanitation, and emergency procedures. This Second Edition features end-of-chapter projects that incorporate real-life situations, as well as enhanced coverage of point-of-service and other technology use in restaurants.
Read more Allow this favorite library to be seen by others Keep this favorite library private. Save Cancel. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below! Dahmer Kurt Author: Sondra J. Dahmer Kurt W. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section or of the United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at , outside the United States at or fax Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats.
Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Dahmer, Kurt W. Includes index. ISBN pbk. Table service. Kahl, Kurt W. Actual and prospective servers, as well as managers, supervisors, and teachers who train servers, will find this an invaluable resource for classroom use, restaurant training, or selftraining.
Current issues such as embracing diversity, preventing harassment, and maintaining a drug-free workplace are also discussed. The text walks the reader through the dining experience from taking reservations, preparing the dining room, and greeting and serving guests to presentation of the check, and instructs the server on how to troubleshoot potential problems that may occur along the way. Safety, sanitation, and medical emergencies are addressed.
Current information on ever-changing restaurant technology has a chapter of its own. The final chapter covers alcoholic beverage service, with all of its ramifications to the restaurant business. Restaurant Service Basics, 2nd edition, will enable readers to develop the consummate service skills required to handle all phases of providing quality service, increasing their tips, and capturing repeat business for the restaurant.
This is a great training tool for new servers and a reference tool for veteran servers. Servers can learn the techniques of serving that will perfect their job performance and guarantee success. Note to Teachers and Trainers This text is intended for use in a classroom or for training servers employed by a restaurant. You can also help your trainees use the case at the end of each chapter to build competencies through group discussion. Additional resources at the end of the book provide definitions of key terms, pronunciations of menu terms, and information for further reading.
Note to the Server or Trainee You can use this manual as a text or self-training manual to help you learn how to serve competently or increase your serving knowledge and skills. After reading the chapters, you should define the terms and answer the review questions to gauge your understanding of the key concepts discussed and complete as many of the projects and cases as possible to review proper serving procedures.
Use Resource B to look up menu terms. The opportunity for employment as a server in a restaurant is favorable and can be a lifetime occupation. The challenge is great, but with hard work and a determination to succeed, you will be rewarded not only financially, but also with a sense of accomplishment. Web site links, chapter objectives, and definitions of key terms are available at the student companion Web site, at www.
Specific changes to this edition include the following: Learning Objectives have been included to provide the reader with a road map of the key points covered in each chapter. They help highlight what the reader should be particularly focused on throughout each chapter. Bolded Key Terms are included within each chapter and defined as they appear. They are then listed at the end of each chapter in the order in which they appear.
This list indicates the terms the reader should understand from reading each chapter. The Review at the end of each chapter can be used to reexamine the chapter content. The questions cover the salient points in the chapter material. Review questions can drive discussion in class or be assigned for homework. The Projects at the end of each chapter are one of the greatest strengths of the text because they are applied in nature.
The Mini-Cases included at the end of the first edition are now included at the end of each chapter. These scenarios have been updated to reflect current issues encountered at a foodservice establishment, such as handling harassment, addressing a problem at the buffet, handling a reservation error, reacting to a guest complaint, and addressing an emergency situation. These mini-cases are intended to help students apply what they have learned in a particular chapter to situations they might encounter as a server in a restaurant operation.
The photos and drawings have been updated to more effectively illustrate key concepts, reflect the current restaurant environment, and add to the visual appeal of this edition.
Acknowledgments Our goal with this revision of Restaurant Service Basics is to provide our readers with an accessible, reader-friendly guidebook on the fundamental skills required to provide guests with the best service possible. We could not have completed this edition of Restaurant Service Basics without the help, directly and indirectly, of many people. We are grateful to Cindy Rhoads, our developmental editor, for her excellent advice and encouragement to bring our manuscript through to completion.
Jancose, University of Houston, Conrad N. And thank you also to our families for their advice and support while we worked on revising this book. Servers also maintain the service areas of the dining room and the kitchen so that everything is ready for smooth, efficient service see Job Description for a Server, Figure , and www.
In this chapter, we will discuss issues that include recognizing the diversity of coworkers and guests, preventing harassment on the job, deterring violence and drugs in the workplace, and practicing restaurant safety and sanitation.
Some of these issues are discussed in greater detail later in this book. Service and Hospitality While a close relationship exists between service and hospitality, there is a distinct difference between the two. Service is the act of filling the needs, wants, and desires of the guests. Service is what servers provide to meet the expectations of the guests when they come to dine. Guests expect a clean table, clean dishes and utensils, safe food, hot foods served hot, and cold foods served cold.
Hospitality goes beyond the service guests expect of servers. It is paying close attention to detail. It is acknowledging guests promptly, making friendly small talk, and saying a pleasant goodbye when the guests leave the restaurant. It is reading the guests and always making them feel comfortable, welcome, and important.
Hospitality is a key element to bringing guests back and to increasing the amount of your tip. Advantages of Being a Server Despite tired feet, unruly guests, and job demands, there are many advantages to holding a job as a server.
In elegant restaurants and restaurants with quick turnover, a server who provides good service can make more money in tips and wages than a cook, administrative assistant, police officer, flight attendant, or schoolteacher.
You may also be eligible for free or reduced-priced meals from the restaurant. Restaurant establishments operate for several hours extending over the periods for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and into the evening. You might consider working weekends and evenings a disadvantage, but the flexible hours allow many people to work around another job or family responsibilities. As a server, another advantage is that you can meet many interesting people as you serve your guests. You have the chance to interact with people of all ages and from all walks of life.
Occasionally, you may even serve a celebrity. Unlike a job in an office, which requires a large investment in business clothing, as a server, you are only required to buy a few uniforms and comfortable shoes.
Some people also find working as a server in pleasant surroundings advantageous. Many restaurants have a very elaborate decor and atmosphere. You may also have an opportunity to sample a variety of food.
Finally, you can gain personal satisfaction from doing a job exceptionally well and making people happy. Compliments and tips from the guests and words of praise from your manager are your rewards for providing good service. Take pride in your job. Waiting tables can be a rewarding part-time position or a full-time career that provides you with a very good living. The skills and knowledge you acquire will translate to all aspects of your life.
To qualify for a waitstaff position, you must be: 1. Management must feel confident that you are capable of fulfilling your job responsibilities.
You must report to work on time, serve the guests properly, and complete all tasks assigned to you. You must have a good attitude. You must be willing to work hard with your coworkers to complete the work assigned. If you are a good team player, and strive to make your team successful, you will be successful at your job. Being cooperative also means adapting to the policies of management. You should work hard and learn and stay focused on your job even under pressure and time restraints.
A server is chosen for his or her pleasant personality, comfort around people, ability to make small talk, and social skills. Take the initiative to be friendly, patient, and courteous to guests, coworkers, and management, and never be rude. A server should have a good sense of humor.
Because a serving job requires the server to be in close contact with guests, coworkers, and food, you must maintain good health. Staying healthy helps you to avoid spreading disease and to maintain a good appearance. A healthy server looks good, performs well on the job, and is able to lift and carry heavy trays.
Clean and neat. A server may be one of the only restaurant employees that the guest sees and must present a tidy appearance that reflects the image of a clean and neat restaurant. Particular attention should be given to hair, nails, uniform, and shoes. A server should be clean and neat in both appearance and with respect to handling food and serviceware in the restaurant.
A good server must know the appropriate methods for serving tables and how to apply them in a seamless and efficient manner. Printer: Malloy Lithographers The Server computer skills. Make note of local history, events, and cuisine trends so you can make conversation with guests. You must have the ability to sell yourself, the restaurant, and menu items as you serve your guests. To do this, you must be able to communicate well.
Guests may need their server at any time during the meal, so a good server always concentrates on the job and never leaves a station unattended for long.
You must be aware of the progress of the meal at each table and anticipate needs as they arise. When guests toy with an empty glass, gaze into space, or peek at their watches, they are sending signals that they need something. If a guest tastes the food, puts down his or her fork, and pushes the plate away, something is wrong and servers need to remedy the situation.
Refill empty water glasses and coffee cups, but do not hover to an excessive degree. Take pride in the appearance of the dining room by keeping it orderly as you work. Servers should handle complaints in a diplomatic way to assure the guest is satisfied and will come back again.
A good server must be thick-skinned and not take criticism personally. A good manager. You must know how to manage your time well. Personal Appearance on the Job Your appearance as a server on the job gives guests their first impression of you and, consequently, a lasting impression of the restaurant.
Because you are one of the few members of the restaurant staff a guest sees, a guest may judge the restaurant largely on your appearance and service. Nurses, police officers, pilots, and members of the armed service, as well as servers, wear uniforms. The appearance of your uniform leaves an impression on your guests Figure A clean and neat uniform reflects an image of a sanitary restaurant. Your appearance can help create a good impression for the entire operation. A server should wear a clean uniform each workday and keep an extra one at work in case of emergency.
Skirts, pants, jackets, and ties should be neat, clean, and pressed. Most uniforms today are made of synthetic fiber blends that are easy to maintain. Uniforms in disrepair are as unacceptable as soiled uniforms. Repair torn hems and seams, and replace buttons before you wear the uniform again. A uniform should fit well; if it is too small, it restricts movement. Pants should fit smoothly and not be too tight.
If a female server wears a skirt as part of a uniform, it should have a fashionable hem length, but not be so short that she feels conspicuous when reaching or bending. Shoes are part of the uniform and should receive daily attention. Buy sturdy shoes with closed toes, low heels, and arch supports. Shoes should have rubber soles to minimize slips and falls. Replace shoes or have worn heels and soles repaired, and be sure your shoes are clean and polished for work.
Have a second pair of shoes at work, especially if you are a full-time server, and change your shoes occasionally to prevent foot and back problems. Keep an extra pair in your locker or purse in case of a run. Wedding and engagement rings and classic watches may be worn, but decorative jewelry, such as bracelets, dinner rings, and lapel pins are not appropriate as part of a uniform.
Decorative jewelry does not look professional and is not sanitary when you are working with food. Hygiene means practices that promote personal cleanliness and good health, and grooming means the process of making your appearance neat and attractive. For proper appearance and to look well physically, you must have the proper amount of rest each night. Bathe daily, and apply an antiperspirant to prevent body odors. Brush your teeth, use a mouthwash, and see a dentist twice a year.
Use breath mints or breath sprays at work. Never smoke or chew gum in front of guests. Wear your hair in a simple, stylish manner pulled back from your face, and avoid extreme hairstyles.
Be sure your hair is clean and combed. Use effective hair restraints, such as caps, ponytail bands, headbands, barrettes, and other accessories designed to be part of the uniform, to prevent the contamination of food or food contact surfaces. Servers should be sure their hands and nails are clean, because they are on display and touching food and utensils.
Scrub your nails, and trim them to a short, even length. Female servers may wear a conservative color or clear nail polish. Keep your hands away from your hair and face. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap after using the restroom, clearing soiled dishes, or handling money.
Male servers should be clean shaven. Female servers should use a minimum amount of makeup, such as a conservative application of eye makeup and lipstick.
Perfumes and colognes do not enhance food aromas and should not be worn. Check your total appearance in a mirror before you start work. To reach these goals, employees should work together in a united effort. This bonding of efforts will give the guests the best service.
Employees are given a job description and assigned activities so that no work is duplicated or omitted. Remember, everyone will have job longevity if the restaurant employees work as a team to please the guests and guests return time after time. The organization or arrangement of jobs in a restaurant diagrammed on paper is known as the organization chart.
Knowing how you fit into the organization chart helps you function in your job. In the dining room organizational structure, bussers and servers report to their immediate supervisor, who may be a head server. The dining room manager reports to management. In small restaurants, one person may assume several of these positions.
In large restaurants, additional staff, such as an expeditor, may help the server bring food from the kitchen. Figure shows a traditional organization chart in a restaurant. To avoid causing problems within the organization, follow the organizational structure. When you have questions or problems concerning the rules, regulations, or policies, talk to your immediate supervisor.
Your supervisor has more experience and is in a position to solve certain problems. Teamwork with Coworkers and Supervisors Teamwork means cooperating and working together with coworkers and the supervisor of the dining room to serve the public. A serving team is like a football team, working toward a common goal. Whether the goal is a touchdown or a satisfied guest, the principles are the same. Use the following guidelines to help foster teamwork: r Arrive to work with a positive attitude.
Leave your personal problems at home, and do not discuss them with coworkers or guests. Be cheerful and happy in your work; this attitude spreads to other workers and to the guests. Remember, guests come to the restaurant to relax and enjoy a special occasion in pleasant surroundings. If you have problems on the job, work them out or discuss them with your supervisor instead of with coworkers.
Work can be pleasant or unpleasant, depending on your attitude toward it. Dining Room Manager: Directs and coordinates foodservice in the dining room; hires, trains, and supervises employees; handles budgets, payroll, and purchasing.
Head Server: Supervises and coordinates dining room employees for a section of the dining room; may greet and seat guests; may serve guests. Busser: Assists server in serving water, bread and butter, and coffee refills; clears soiled dinnerware; resets table. Instead, try to handle the situation calmly. Some managers will train you in other jobs chef, busser, and host or allow you to experience other positions to build empathy with coworkers.
Remember, you are a professional and a representative of the restaurant, and you should handle problems with coworkers in a professional manner. For example, help them carry trays of food when they are serving an especially large party.
As a member of the team, the coworker should return the favor when you are busy. Your responsibility lies with your guests when you are on duty. If you have spare time, use it productively to check your station, clean and fill condiment containers, fold napkins, and replenish the sidestand.
Absenteeism without proper notification may mean that a coworker must assume double duty if a replacement is unobtainable. The outcome affects the entire operation. Issues Regarding Restaurant Employment Current issues in restaurant employment include diversity, harassment, violence and drugs, safety, and sanitation. Some of these issues are covered more thoroughly in other chapters, but they deserve mention here.
Diversity is reflected in the way each person walks, talks, thinks, and behaves. The concept of diversity encompasses accepting, respecting, and embracing the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. Your challenge as a server is to recognize, appreciate, value, and respect the differences you encounter in each person, whether you are interacting with coworkers or guests.
The law states that every person—regardless of such things as their race, religion, or nationality—deserves to work in a safe and pleasant environment. Likewise, all guests should receive equal treatment regardless of their diverse backgrounds and varying cultural behaviors. As a server, it is imperative that you respect these differences.
Your conduct as a server must be tolerant and respectful. All employees have the legal right to a work environment free of verbal or physical harassment. One form of harassment, sexual harassment, is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.
Sexual harassment violates employee rights, creates stress, and reduces productivity. If you are sexually harassed on the job, follow these guidelines: 1. Explain to the person doing the harassing that it is objectionable to you and that you would like it stopped.
If the behavior does not stop, report the offender to your immediate supervisor or to his or her supervisor if your supervisor is the offender. Some restaurants have a telephone hotline for this purpose.
If using the internal complaint procedure does not correct the problem, file a complaint with your state department that deals with human rights or with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC. The management of most restaurants has a zero-tolerance policy that states they will not tolerate any acts of harassment, intimidation, or threats among their employees. If reported, most offenders will be investigated discreetly and fairly. Management should take appropriate action, whether it is against innocent injury or criminal intent to harm.
Everyone shares responsibility for maintaining a safe work environment. When someone acts out of the ordinary, management should be advised immediately. Unreported situations can have potentially violent consequences. A potentially violent individual is frequently someone who is depressed, is a loner who intimidates those around him or her, or is lacking self-worth.
It can often be a person who is a constant complainer or has a history of violence. Violence in the workplace may be a direct result of problems in the home. It is against the law to use controlled substances. It is crucial for all employees to be drug-free at the workplace. An employee who uses illegal drugs is more likely to be involved in accidents on the job, typically needs more sick leave, and is more frequently late for work than other employees.
Overall productivity also tends to deteriorate, and team goals become less of a priority. It is important for employees and management to work together to maintain a safe and secure restaurant environment.
Servers should be alert to any hazards they encounter. Most accidents are avoidable if a problem is noticed and solved in time. Addressing unsafe work routines, blocked exits, chipped or broken serviceware, and grease and food spills immediately upon notice will prevent accidents from occurring see Chapter 6, Safety, Sanitation, and Emergency Procedures. Sanitation is the process of working out ways to improve health conditions.
It is of the utmost importance that servers adhere to strict sanitation guidelines when handling food to avoid spreading diseases that may be distressing or life-threatening to guests. Good sanitation practices include washing hands and handling serviceware properly. Servers must be very conscientious in this regard. Sanitation guidelines and proper food-handling techniques are covered in depth in Chapter 6.
Explain the difference between service and hospitality. Give two examples of service and two examples of hospitality. What advantages of a serving position can you list other than those that are mentioned in this chapter?
What disadvantages can you think of? What qualifications for a serving position can you identify other than those mentioned in this chapter? List all the hygiene and personal grooming practices that should be given attention in order to promote cleanliness, good health, and neat appearance on the job. Why should a server be knowledgeable about the organization of employees in a restaurant?
What part does teamwork play in the operation of a restaurant? Why is it important to accept the diversity of all coworkers and guests? What is the procedure for handling sexual harassment? What is one way that you can reduce the possibility of a violent situation in the workplace? List both the ideal personality and appearance qualifications for a serving position on the left side of the paper; think of other qualifications you can add to those discussed in this chapter.
Across the top, write a rating scale: Poor, Fair, Good, and Excellent. Rate yourself by checking the appropriate column for each qualification. Set a goal to improve yourself in all areas not marked Good or Excellent. Observe the servers in a restaurant of your choice, and note whether their appearance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Draw an organization chart of a restaurant of your choice.
Indicate who would be your immediate supervisor if you were a server there, and why. Have a group discussion and decide the best course of action to handle the following situations: a. The chef has made a mistake on your order. You have taken the order, and the guest states that you did not get the order correct. You present the check to your table of guests, and they ask you to divide the check for them because they want to pay separately.
You are an above-average server and think that the policy of sharing tips equally with fellow workers is unfair. You have come down with a bad cold the night before you have to go to work. Have a group discussion about the best plan of action to implement for the following situation: A new employee has just begun to work at the restaurant.
She is from another country and speaks with an accent. She needs to be accepted onto the team. What can you, as a peer server, do to help her overcome any anxiety she may have?
You feel uncomfortable about these remarks. The state in which you are working has strong sexual harassment laws, and you are aware of them. You want to curtail this situation before it leads to something you do not want to happen. Answer the following questions: r What are your rights? Every restaurant has a unique identity depending on the amenities offered to guests.
Also discussed in this chapter are several different types of service used in restaurants. Most types of service originated in the private homes of European nobility, and over the years have been modified for restaurant use.
Today, each type retains particular distinguishing features, although some restaurants have combined features of two or more serving styles to accommodate their menu, facilities, and mode of operation. The four traditional types of service discussed in this chapter are French, Russian, English, and American, and the cover, the arrangement of china, silverware, napkin, and glassware at each place setting, is diagrammed.
Other popular types of service explained in this chapter are the banquet, family-style, buffets, salad bars, oyster bars, and dessert tables. Types of Establishments Many terms are used to describe types of restaurants, such as tearoom, family-style, upscale, casual, theme, and quick-service. The fact of the matter is that restaurants are subjectively classified by the style of operation. There are no clear characteristics for each type of establishment.
Traits of one style of restaurant overlap with traits of another, creating a unique identity. For our purposes here, we could say that types of establishments form somewhat of a continuum.
On one end of the continuum would be restaurants with minimum service, no covers or simple placemats, a quick pace, fast foods prepared easily, and a general informality to the entire operation. The other end of the continuum would be the establishments with luxurious surroundings; table linens; silver serviceware; china; crystal glassware; flowers; soft music; an unhurried pace; skilled servers, and expensive, well-prepared, and well-presented foods and wines.
Family-style restaurants, diners, and some chain restaurants would be on one end of the continuum; trattoria, bistros, and supper clubs in the middle; and classic gourmet, upscale, and fine-dining restaurants on the other.
No matter which combination of amenities make up the whole, the guest has every right to expect a smile, that his or her order be correctly taken and delivered, and that the check is presented promptly and for the correct amount regardless of the setting. Good service is still the key to running any successful operation.
Photo by S. Dahmer in this manner. This type of service is used in upscale restaurants, elegant hotel dining rooms, cruise ships, resorts, and casinos. In French service, the food is either cooked or completed at a side table in front of the guests Figure The food is completed by cooking, deboning, slicing, and garnishing as necessary and served to the guests on heated plates.
Only those foods that can be cooked, assembled, or completed in a reasonably short time are prepared in front of the guests. French service employs two servers working together to serve the meal and may include a captain to seat guests and a wine steward to serve wine. All food is served and cleared from the right of the guests except for butter, bread, and salad, which should be placed to the left side of the guests.
Finger bowls—bowls of warm water with rose petals or lemon slices in them—are served with all finger foods and at the end of the meal. The finger bowl is set on an underliner, a small plate with a doily, and placed, with a clean napkin, in front of the guests. Soiled dishes are cleared only when all guests have completed their meals. The French arrangement of serviceware is shown in Figure Advantages and Disadvantages of French Service The advantages of French service are that guests receive a great deal of attention, and the service is extremely elegant.
It is very formal and elegant, and the guest is given considerable personal attention. It employs the use of heavy silver serviceware, and the table setting is identical to the French setup. The two major differences are that only one server is needed and that food is fully prepared and attractively arranged on silver platters in the kitchen.
To serve, the server places a heated plate before each guest from the right side, going around the table clockwise. Then the server brings the platters of food to the dining room from the kitchen and presents them to the guests at the table.
The server continues serving counterclockwise around the table and then returns the remaining food to the kitchen. Advantages and Disadvantages of Russian Service The advantages of Russian service are that only one server is needed and that this service is as elegant as French service, yet faster and less expensive. The disadvantages of Russian service are the large investment in silver serviceware and the number of platters needed, especially when every guest in a party orders a different selection.
For this reason, Russian service is particularly useful at banquets where every guest receives the same food selection. Another disadvantage is that the last guest served at the table must be served from the less well-displayed food remaining.
The food on platters and the heated plates are brought from the kitchen and placed before the host at the head of the table. He or she hands the plates to the server standing to the left, who serves the guest of honor and all other guests. Dessert may also be served in this manner. All sauces and side dishes and, in some cases, vegetables are placed on the table to be passed by the guests.
Advantages and Disadvantages of English Service The advantage of English service is that it involves a great deal of showmanship for a special occasion. The disadvantages are that the host may be required to do a lot of the work by dishing up some of the food, and with only one person serving the meal, the service can be very time-consuming. It is the most prevalent style of service in restaurants in the United States.
In American service, food is dished up on plates in the kitchen. Usually, only one server presents the meal. Food is served from the left of the guest, beverages are served from the right, and soiled dishes are cleared from the right. The American breakfast and lunch table setting differs from the American dinner setting.
Breakfast and lunch are simple meals and require only a limited amount of serviceware. Dinner involves more courses and more serviceware. American service can be simple and casual or complex and elegant.
It can be used to serve the guest who wants a quick, filling meal at a casual restaurant with simple service. For instance, it can be used at a counter, diner, or family-style restaurant, where casual tableware and placemats are the norm, and where self-serve bars such as salad bars are common.
American service can also be used to serve the guest who intends to be entertained for the evening at a five-star establishment. It can be used to present food elegantly in distinguished gourmet restaurants with formal table settings and the use of complex serving skills and showmanship.
The rest of this book explains American service in detail. American Breakfast and Lunch Cover Serviceware for the American breakfast and lunch cover includes a dinner fork, dinner knife, teaspoon, napkin, bread and butter plate, butter spreader optional , and water glass. The breakfast or lunch cover is placed approximately one inch from the edge of the table. The napkin is in the center of the cover. To the left of the napkin is the fork, and to the right of the napkin is the knife, with the blade facing toward the napkin.
The teaspoon is to the right of the knife. The water glass is placed above the tip of the knife. The bread and butter plate is placed above the tines of the fork. Traditionally, a small butter spreader was placed on the rim of the bread and butter plate, but today only a few restaurants use it. Figure shows the initial American breakfast and lunch cover. When coffee is served, the cup and saucer are placed to the right of the teaspoon.
Breakfast toast or a luncheon salad is placed to the left of the fork. Food on the dinner plate is placed directly in the center of the cover after the guest has removed the napkin.
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