Oldair Jacinto. Marcio Martins. Vanderlei Guilherme. Ribeiro Almeida. Giancarlo De Angelis. Jordan Henrique de Souza. Thalita Costa. Gisele Benedicto Dos Santos. Rita Cavalcanti. Gabriel Giampani Di Bacchi. Paulo Santana. Jacinto Gomez Emboletti. Alaor Barbiero. Populares em Science General. Ricardo Araujo. Wesley Avante. Carlos Eduardo Zibordi.
Thais Coimbra. Daniela Pereira de Carvalho. Eldi Pereira Silva. Elenice de Souza. Daniel Martins. Anonymous Jniv6dakoq. Kennya Gomez. Jaime Della Corte. Eduardo K Sbardelotto. Luciene Fonseca. Some of the consumers in this market are not concerned with this quality of the product. These consumers are very price sensitive. They will buy the lowest priced product regardless of the level of the quality.
These consumers are called type 1 consumers. Type 2 consumers are very quality sensitive. However, type 2 consumers are insensitive to price.
They will buy more of the product as the quality of the product increases regardless of the product's price. Prices reflect levels of quality even with limited competition.
The quality-price relationship is non-linear. Prices reflect levels of quality even when some consumers do not behave in a rational economic manner. Consumers using price as a surrogate measure of quality encourage companies to raise the level of product quality. Competition does not destroy the relationship between price and quality. Companies with high quality products spend more on advertising than companies offering lower quality products When different qualities of the product are important, price can only be used as a measure of the quality desired by the market.
In other words, a consumer can only use price as a measure of quality if the consumer's values are reflected by other consumers in the market. Take Ford Motor Company for example. They provide favorable discount in America to maintain Taurus superiority to Honda Accord and keep number one sales in the market. Yet it is not necessarily true that big market share pertains high quality perception from customer. Performance will the product do the intended job? Potential customer usually evaluate a product to determine if it will perform certain specific functions and determine how well it perform them.
Reliability how often does the product fail? Complex products require occasional repair, if that is frequent product is unreliable 3. Durability how long the product last? This is the effective service life of the product. Customer expects products to perform its intended function satisfactorily over a long period of time.
Serviceability how easy is to repair the product? Quality is also a function of how quickly and economically a repair or routine maintenance activity can be accomplished. Aesthetics how does the product look like? This is the visual appeal of the product, often taking in to account factor such as style, color, shape, packing, tactile characteristics and other sensory features.
Features what does the product do? Customer associate high quality with the products that have added features 7. Perceived quality What is the reputation of the company or its product? In many cases, customers rely on the past reputation of the company concerning quality of its products.
Conformance to standards is the product made exactly as the designer intended? High quality product is the one that exactly meets the requirements placed on it. Organizations use 4 categories of quality cost 1. Prevention cost: Those cost associated with efforts in design and manufacturing that are directed towards the prevention of nonconformance. It involves Quality Planning and Engineering: Cost associated with the creation of the overall quality plan, the reliability plan, the data system and all specialized plans and activities of the quality assurance function.
The preparation of manuals and procedure used to communicate the quality plan and cost of auditing system. It includes the work of summarizing and publishing quality information management. Appraisal cost: Appraisal costs are those cost associated with measuring, evaluating or auditing products, components, and purchased materials to ensuring conformance to the standard that have been imposed. Those cost are incurred to determine the condition of the product from a quality view point and ensure that it conforms to specification.
Internal failure cost: Internal failure cost are incurred when products, component, materials and services fails to meet quality requirement and this failure is discovered prior to delivery of the product to the customer. External failure cost: External failure cost occur when the product does not perform satisfactorily after it is supplied to the customer.
Terms such as quality management, quality control, quality system and quality assurance acquired different meaning in different country and different organization. To achieve, maintain and seek to continually improve product quality with reference to the requirement. To improve quality of operations and process to meet the customer stated implied needs. To provide confidence to internal management and employee of the organization.
To provide confidence to customer and stakeholder that quality requirement are achieved in product delivered. To provide confidence that quality system requirement fulfilled. ISO standard focus on developing, documenting and implementing the procedures to ensure that consistency of operation and performance in production and service delivery processes, with the aim of achieving continual quality improvement and supported by basic principle of total quality.
The standards consist of 3 documents. ISO This deals with fundamental and vocabulary. This document provides fundamental concept related to Quality management systems QMS and establishes definitions of key terms used in the standards.
ISO This document provides the specific requirements for a quality management system. The requirements provide a structure for basic quality assurance system. The requirements are organized in to 4 major sections like Management Responsibility, Resource management, Product realization and measurement analysis and improvement. ISO This deals with guideline for performance improvement.
Assist organization in improving quality management beyond the minimum requirement in ISO , but does not specify any requirements that should be followed. The ISO standards are intended to apply to all types of business immaterial of size, Activity including manufacturing sectors and service sector such as health, education, banking and transportation etc.
Customer Focus, Leadership, Involvement of the people, Process Approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, Factual approach to decision making, Mutually beneficial supplier relationship. Benefits: 1. Provides an opportunity to increase value to the activities of the organization. Improve the performances of processes continually satisfaction of customer.
Attention to resource management. Implementation of statutory and regulatory requirements related to products and services 5. Better management control. This series of standards is designed to cover the whole area of environmental issue for organization in the global market place. The ISO standards includes guidelines for waste disposal, use of natural resources, pollution control and environment responsibility.
It also includes standard set for test and measurement that assist organization and businesses measure the impact having on environment.
The tests and measured established are also adopted by many governments in developing environmental policy, which would help them to control exploitation and overuse and misuse of natural resources and pollution. ISO is actually a series of international standard on environmental management. It provides a frame work for the development of both the system and the supporting audit program. There are 6 standards in the ISO family.
Environment management system. Environmental Auditing 3. Environmental performance evaluation. Environmental labeling 5.
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